Add corretto-al2023 variants

[yosifkit]

Adding these to get a JDK that is version 21+ with OpenSSL 3.x available. This is mostly because OpenJDK 21 reached GA and so it was dropped from the openjdk images (docker-library/openjdk#531) and as such, we now don't have a base image for the Tomcat 11 alpha builds (836a850).

Alternative is to wait for the eclipse-temurin JDK 21 images: adoptium/temurin#7, https://adoptium.net/blog/2023/09/temurin21-delay/.

This is subset of #299; perhaps it should be limited in some way?

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Edit: 😢That's a lot of extra code because al2023 is not a drop in replacement for al2: a40c1c3

[gdams]

@yosifkit we expect to release Temurin 21 in the next 1-2 days

[gdams]

@yosifkit you should be able to use Temurin now

[tianon]

IMO we should close this in favor of #299 -- the al2 variants were accepted before we really realized the full extent of the matrix explosion being discussed in #299 and al2023 really is a whole separate thing