[PM-17485] [PM-16961] Fix opening vault item URLs with no scheme

[elidrissidev]

🎟️ Tracking

#4552

📔 Objective

This PR fixes an issue where vault item URLs entered without a scheme and not starting with // (e.g. github.com) may not open properly on some browsers. Technically this is not a bug but is due to the way URIs are parsed per the RFC, which treats the above example as a path instead of a host name. So the URL that's actually sent in the intent becomes https:/github.com.

The proposed solution should work well with all the different ways of typing a URL: https://github.com, //github.com, and github.com.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[bitwarden-bot]

Thank you for your contribution! We've added this to our internal Community PR board for review.
ID: PM-17485