From 46752468729ff31f38955b1c26b114838ac3c534 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:24:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/69] create cat.py file to write our implementation on it

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..871d4e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# import process from "node:process";
+# import {promises as fs} from "node:fs";
+# import {program} from "commander";
+
+# program
+#     .name("display-file-content")
+#     .description("Output the content of a file to the terminal")
+#     .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process")
+#     .option("-n", "Number the output lines")
+#     .option("-b","Number the non-blank output lines")
+
+# program.parse();
+
+# const paths = program.args;
+
+# const options = program.opts();
+
+# let lineNumber = 1;
+
+# for (const path of paths) {
+#     const filesContent = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
+
+#     const lines = filesContent.split("\n");
+
+#     if (lines[lines.length - 1] === "") {
+#         lines.pop();
+#     }
+
+#     for (let line of lines) {
+#     if (options.n) {
+#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
+#         lineNumber++;
+#     } else if (options.b) {
+#         if (line != "") {
+#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
+#         lineNumber++;
+#         } else {
+#         process.stdout.write("\n");
+#         }
+#     } else {
+#         process.stdout.write(line + "\n");
+#     }
+#     }
+# }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

From 95cfc324f5388c973cab0248fcfc0edac3a3af38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:27:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/69] import argparse library

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 871d4e95..23f0fafb 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
 #     }
 # }
 
+import argparse
+
+
+
 
 
 

From 530a234ff19dfcf433e5645becde58eb22ab56a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:30:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/69] define program meta data

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 23f0fafb..1e6c8b7b 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
 
 import argparse
 
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    prog="display-file-content",
+    description="Output the content of a file to the terminal",
+)
+
 
 
 

From 2fc8e5d7d44e72b0d367a5cc3c486c05be949857 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:32:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/69] define the -n option

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 1e6c8b7b..bfa7ff19 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     description="Output the content of a file to the terminal",
 )
 
-
+parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines")
 
 
 

From 73369ea9014ad6f15f2815a51c701154e820a461 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:32:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/69] define the -b option/flag

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index bfa7ff19..35fde823 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 )
 
 parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines")
+parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines")
 
 
 

From 3bb2ce986e0f8182e19e9e7e51a14c43efabfe0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:35:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/69] define the path / file to read from

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 35fde823..587e7a34 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 
 parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines")
 parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines")
+parser.add_argument("path", help="The file to read from")
 
 
 

From 652c027694e415dbc2c5cbd4fbfa7bda8dc671c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:38:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/69] read the command line argument during runtime

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 587e7a34..ea26c1a6 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
 parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines")
 parser.add_argument("path", help="The file to read from")
 
+args = parser.parse_args
+
 
 
 

From 1f95e098ca30304c690ee949e0d9b76dbd69a7e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:41:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/69] open the file/path for reading and laod its content

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index ea26c1a6..f5b7f4e9 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args
 
-
+with open(args.path, "r") as f:
+    content = f.read()
 
 
 

From 9de5129dd88a02cf2f9c9dd3891b5ddfc1cbe0c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:47:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/69] added () to resolve buggy code

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index f5b7f4e9..2ac467bd 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@
 parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines")
 parser.add_argument("path", help="The file to read from")
 
-args = parser.parse_args
+args = parser.parse_args()
 
 with open(args.path, "r") as f:
     content = f.read()
 
 
-
+print(f)
 
 
 

From 42b98a5a7ca5b4264f65ea1c4735565bfc6a7b47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:53:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/69] splitting file content by end of line

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 2ac467bd..0a341577 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@
 with open(args.path, "r") as f:
     content = f.read()
 
+    lines = content.split("\n")
+
 
-print(f)
 
 
 

From f1444f969a96f5a7681d298da163631d4348d6a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 13:59:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/69] after splitting the file content into lines checking if
 the last line is blak and if so removes it

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 0a341577..022555a0 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@
     content = f.read()
 
     lines = content.split("\n")
+    if lines[len(lines) - 1] == "":
+        lines.pop()
+
 
 
 

From 4da743063cc3271bb3d460fac6bdca132af4ff45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:14:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/69] handle -n flag case

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 022555a0..7c44af2e 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
+line_number = 1
+
 with open(args.path, "r") as f:
     content = f.read()
 
@@ -63,6 +65,11 @@
     if lines[len(lines) - 1] == "":
         lines.pop()
 
+    for line in lines:
+        if args.n:
+            print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
+            line_number++
+
 
 
 

From 414ebd754d4c77c3d95f2195327df4f1d1a2ba4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:18:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/69] handles the -b option case and it's 2 scenarios

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 7c44af2e..e5585c09 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -69,6 +69,14 @@
         if args.n:
             print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
             line_number++
+        elif args.b:
+            if line != "":
+                print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
+                line_number++
+            else:
+                print("\n")
+
+
 
 
 

From a0daa7677ec44674ae2009ca0585a1e000b1b4a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:20:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/69] if no flag is selected print the content

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index e5585c09..fe06f0f6 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@
                 line_number++
             else:
                 print("\n")
+        else:
+            print(f"{line} + \n")
 
 
 

From cd5256b933fced200dbf8c03bdec9df21852d615 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:21:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/69] corrected the increment to follow python syntax

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index fe06f0f6..1cca3537 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@
     for line in lines:
         if args.n:
             print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
-            line_number++
+            line_number += 1
         elif args.b:
             if line != "":
                 print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
-                line_number++
+                line_number += 1
             else:
                 print("\n")
         else:

From b1bf214244fe3c8383104d802b441158cd35b71f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:24:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/69] corrected the logic for when no flag was selected

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 1cca3537..85aee3a0 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
             else:
                 print("\n")
         else:
-            print(f"{line} + \n")
+            print(f"{line}")
 
 
 

From d0bb38791532fa6200c48f5670e25b92901d4277 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:30:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/69] adding action="store_true" so that the program doesn't
 expect values for -n & -b options

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 85aee3a0..88568009 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@
     description="Output the content of a file to the terminal",
 )
 
-parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines")
-parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines")
+parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("path", help="The file to read from")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()

From 80e39094f47df162e631b577a18f9ffe6464edfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 14:32:00 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/69] corrected code to follow python syntax

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 88568009..ea0c1684 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@
 
     for line in lines:
         if args.n:
-            print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
+            print(f"{line_number} {line}\n")
             line_number += 1
         elif args.b:
             if line != "":
-                print(f"{line_number}  ${line}\n")
+                print(f"{line_number} {line}\n")
                 line_number += 1
             else:
                 print("\n")

From 3ce06c4c23bd98caff185132f3b2f76287f32bd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:25:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/69] correct logic for options to further mimic cat tool
 behaviour

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index ea0c1684..f2925d5c 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@
 
     for line in lines:
         if args.n:
-            print(f"{line_number} {line}\n")
+            print(f"{line_number} {line}")
             line_number += 1
         elif args.b:
             if line != "":
-                print(f"{line_number} {line}\n")
+                print(f"{line_number} {line}")
                 line_number += 1
             else:
-                print("\n")
+                print(f"{line}")
         else:
             print(f"{line}")
 

From e93d1f96f16171faf39e7b42953ab19f5e6d6c94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:34:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/69] corrected logic to handle several files/path arguments

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 29 +++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index f2925d5c..6ef85a99 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -52,31 +52,32 @@
 
 parser.add_argument("-n", help="Number the output lines", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("-b", help="Number the non-blank output lines", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("path", help="The file to read from")
+parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 line_number = 1
 
-with open(args.path, "r") as f:
-    content = f.read()
+for path in args.paths:
+    with open(path, "r") as f:
+        content = f.read()
 
-    lines = content.split("\n")
-    if lines[len(lines) - 1] == "":
-        lines.pop()
+        lines = content.split("\n")
+        if lines[len(lines) - 1] == "":
+            lines.pop()
 
-    for line in lines:
-        if args.n:
-            print(f"{line_number} {line}")
-            line_number += 1
-        elif args.b:
-            if line != "":
+        for line in lines:
+            if args.n:
                 print(f"{line_number} {line}")
                 line_number += 1
+            elif args.b:
+                if line != "":
+                    print(f"{line_number} {line}")
+                    line_number += 1
+                else:
+                    print(f"{line}")
             else:
                 print(f"{line}")
-        else:
-            print(f"{line}")
 
 
 

From f1b5a238c77a17997905d5459f7095baf75181a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:36:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/69] remove js implementation which used to guide me to do
 the python implementation

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 45 --------------------------------
 1 file changed, 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 6ef85a99..ceaacb1e 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -1,48 +1,3 @@
-# import process from "node:process";
-# import {promises as fs} from "node:fs";
-# import {program} from "commander";
-
-# program
-#     .name("display-file-content")
-#     .description("Output the content of a file to the terminal")
-#     .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process")
-#     .option("-n", "Number the output lines")
-#     .option("-b","Number the non-blank output lines")
-
-# program.parse();
-
-# const paths = program.args;
-
-# const options = program.opts();
-
-# let lineNumber = 1;
-
-# for (const path of paths) {
-#     const filesContent = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
-
-#     const lines = filesContent.split("\n");
-
-#     if (lines[lines.length - 1] === "") {
-#         lines.pop();
-#     }
-
-#     for (let line of lines) {
-#     if (options.n) {
-#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
-#         lineNumber++;
-#     } else if (options.b) {
-#         if (line != "") {
-#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
-#         lineNumber++;
-#         } else {
-#         process.stdout.write("\n");
-#         }
-#     } else {
-#         process.stdout.write(line + "\n");
-#     }
-#     }
-# }
-
 import argparse
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(

From f3e7e68d6874d01441240e143e8f53ee2a2f0a6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:38:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/69] create ls.py file to implement ls tool in python in it

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e46897d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# import process from "node:process";
+# import {promises as fs} from "node:fs";
+# import {program} from "commander";
+
+# program
+#     .name("display-file-content")
+#     .description("Output the content of a file to the terminal")
+#     .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process")
+#     .option("-n", "Number the output lines")
+#     .option("-b","Number the non-blank output lines")
+
+# program.parse();
+
+# const paths = program.args;
+
+# const options = program.opts();
+
+# let lineNumber = 1;
+
+# for (const path of paths) {
+#     const filesContent = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
+
+#     const lines = filesContent.split("\n");
+
+#     if (lines[lines.length - 1] === "") {
+#         lines.pop();
+#     }
+
+#     for (let line of lines) {
+#     if (options.n) {
+#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
+#         lineNumber++;
+#     } else if (options.b) {
+#         if (line != "") {
+#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
+#         lineNumber++;
+#         } else {
+#         process.stdout.write("\n");
+#         }
+#     } else {
+#         process.stdout.write(line + "\n");
+#     }
+#     }
+# }
+

From 1cbdfd48c9dc714bf8090fa745d0f480b5a3a2e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:39:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/69] add ls implementation in js to guide me when
 implemening in js

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 49 ++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index e46897d9..320bd0eb 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -1,45 +1,36 @@
 # import process from "node:process";
-# import {promises as fs} from "node:fs";
-# import {program} from "commander";
+# import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+# import { program } from "commander";
 
 # program
-#     .name("display-file-content")
-#     .description("Output the content of a file to the terminal")
-#     .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process")
-#     .option("-n", "Number the output lines")
-#     .option("-b","Number the non-blank output lines")
+#   .name("list-files-in-directory")
+#   .description("List all files and directories in a directory")
+#   .argument("<path>", "The file path to process")
+#   .option("-1, --one", "Output one entry per line")
+#   .option("-a", "List all files & directories, including hidden ones");
 
 # program.parse();
 
-# const paths = program.args;
+# const path = program.args[0];
 
 # const options = program.opts();
 
-# let lineNumber = 1;
+# const directoryContent = await fs.readdir(path);
 
-# for (const path of paths) {
-#     const filesContent = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
+# let allContent = directoryContent;
 
-#     const lines = filesContent.split("\n");
-
-#     if (lines[lines.length - 1] === "") {
-#         lines.pop();
-#     }
+# if (!options.a) {
+#     allContent = directoryContent.filter(name => !name.startsWith("."));
+# }
 
-#     for (let line of lines) {
-#     if (options.n) {
-#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
-#         lineNumber++;
-#     } else if (options.b) {
-#         if (line != "") {
-#         process.stdout.write(`${lineNumber}  ${line}\n`);
-#         lineNumber++;
-#         } else {
-#         process.stdout.write("\n");
-#         }
+# for (const item of allContent) {
+#     if (options.one) {
+#         process.stdout.write(item + "\n");
 #     } else {
-#         process.stdout.write(line + "\n");
+#         process.stdout.write(item + "  ");
 #     }
 #     }
-# }
 
+
+
+    

From 719bf239a47dc5a936a67a563e91ac261fc6dbc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:46:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/69] define ls program meta data (name, options, paths etc)

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 320bd0eb..d8be728e 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -31,6 +31,17 @@
 #     }
 #     }
 
+import argparse
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    prog="list-files-in-directory",
+    description="List all files and directories in a directory",
+)
+
+parser.add_argument("-1", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
+
 
 
     

From 2987f4b4560da0a4ef812912a44181b8370987ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:46:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 25/69] read the comman line durign runtime

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index d8be728e..9d91ddab 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
 parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
 
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+
+
 
 
     

From 5b493c91949352310f8ab8c13961e9d576e33e4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:47:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 26/69] handling one path with ls

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 9d91ddab..df2b3230 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 parser.add_argument("-1", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
+parser.add_argument("path", help="The file path to read from")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 

From 6c8a56737bbd9b2f1898ed4666e7001178623059 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:52:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 27/69] import os library so that you can list files & dir
 inside a working dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index df2b3230..32e658ad 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #     }
 
 import argparse
+import os
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     prog="list-files-in-directory",
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
+with open(args.path, "r") as f:
+    content = f.read()
+
 
 
 

From 83e99f3e73f079fb81f2185e02b25b6a54ad2922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 15:58:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/69] listing the files & dirs inside the working dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 32e658ad..1e13be48 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@
 )
 
 parser.add_argument("-1", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-a", "--one", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("path", help="The file path to read from")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-with open(args.path, "r") as f:
-    content = f.read()
+content = os.listdir(args.path)
+
 
 
 

From 1d1ac0a908b58c0bd0daa1a2b9316e1f9cb9f1fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:09:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/69] alogic in which the hidden files & dirs are filtered
 out (not shown) when -a option not added by end user

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 1e13be48..49cacc76 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@
 
 content = os.listdir(args.path)
 
+all_content = content
 
+if not args.a:
+    all_content(filter(lambda name: not name.startsWith(".")))
 
 
 

From 9a40bd616973428612af15e94b9813f47bd90b0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:12:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/69] logic added to handle one 1/one optition is added and
 if not all content to diplay in one line with spaces in between

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 49cacc76..58713684 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@
 if not args.a:
     all_content(filter(lambda name: not name.startsWith(".")))
 
+for item in content:
+    if args.one:
+        print(item + "\n")
+    else:
+        print(item + " ")
+
+
 
 
 

From 1e36528d898c8f5bd2cdb1e0c6e810dab5e8f254 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:25:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 31/69] corrected syntactical errors

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 58713684..a208eb3c 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
     description="List all files and directories in a directory",
 )
 
-parser.add_argument("-1", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-a", "--one", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-1", "--one", dest="one", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("path", help="The file path to read from")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 all_content = content
 
 if not args.a:
-    all_content(filter(lambda name: not name.startsWith(".")))
+    all_content = list(filter(lambda name: not name.startswith("."), content))
 
 for item in content:
     if args.one:

From 01ae017b6f88774e78d6d9570f2d3b42cf0cfc0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:31:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 32/69] remove \n when -1 option selected to avoid duplication

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index a208eb3c..9a25ab1c 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
 for item in content:
     if args.one:
-        print(item + "\n")
+        print(item)
     else:
         print(item + " ")
 

From 7ee60a5aa66d018690e268605423862c5f25ce53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:40:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 33/69] iterating over all_content instead to avoid diplaying
 hidden files when selecting -1 option

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 9a25ab1c..4dd6ada9 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 if not args.a:
     all_content = list(filter(lambda name: not name.startswith("."), content))
 
-for item in content:
+for item in all_content:
     if args.one:
         print(item)
     else:

From 0a68b74db95e4f6f7b171f3936bf00da4bcd9fe7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 16:43:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 34/69] remove js implementation of ls tool

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 33 ---------------------------------
 1 file changed, 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 4dd6ada9..73b29857 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -1,36 +1,3 @@
-# import process from "node:process";
-# import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
-# import { program } from "commander";
-
-# program
-#   .name("list-files-in-directory")
-#   .description("List all files and directories in a directory")
-#   .argument("<path>", "The file path to process")
-#   .option("-1, --one", "Output one entry per line")
-#   .option("-a", "List all files & directories, including hidden ones");
-
-# program.parse();
-
-# const path = program.args[0];
-
-# const options = program.opts();
-
-# const directoryContent = await fs.readdir(path);
-
-# let allContent = directoryContent;
-
-# if (!options.a) {
-#     allContent = directoryContent.filter(name => !name.startsWith("."));
-# }
-
-# for (const item of allContent) {
-#     if (options.one) {
-#         process.stdout.write(item + "\n");
-#     } else {
-#         process.stdout.write(item + "  ");
-#     }
-#     }
-
 import argparse
 import os
 

From 82424f05dbdcbb157ac681b71dba95aff748f134 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 18:11:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 35/69] create wc.py file with implementation of wc in js to
 use as guide when implmenting in py

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 90 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d52a73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# import { program } from "commander";
+# import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+# import process from "node:process";
+# import { stat } from "node:fs/promises";
+
+# program
+#   .name("count-containing-lines-words-characters")
+#   .description("Counts lines, words or characters in a file (or all files) inside a directory")
+#   .option("-l, --line", "The number of lines in each file")
+#   .option("-w, --word", "The number of words in each file")
+#   .option("-c, --character", "The number of characters in each file")
+#   .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process");
+
+# program.parse();
+
+# const argv = program.args;
+
+# const options = program.opts();
+
+
+# function counter(item) {
+#   const lines = item.trim().split("\n").length;
+#   const words = item.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
+#   const characters = item.length;
+#   return { lines, words, characters };
+# }
+
+# let totalLines = 0;
+# let totalWords = 0;
+# let totalCharacters = 0;
+# let fileCount = 0;
+
+# for (const path of argv) {
+#     const pathInfo = await stat(path);
+
+# if (pathInfo.isFile()) {
+#     const content = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
+#     const stats = counter(content);
+#     if (options.line) {
+#         console.log(`${stats.lines} ${path}`);
+#     } else if (options.word) {
+#         console.log(`${stats.words} ${path}`);
+#     } else if (options.character) {
+#         console.log(`${stats.characters} ${path}`);
+#     } else {
+#         console.log(`${stats.lines}       ${stats.words}       ${stats.characters} ${path}`);
+#     }
+
+#     totalLines += stats.lines;
+#     totalWords += stats.words;
+#     totalCharacters += stats.characters;
+#     fileCount++;
+
+# } else if (pathInfo.isDirectory()) {
+#     const files = await fs.readdir(path);
+#     for (const file of files) {
+#         const filePath = `${path}/${file}`;
+#         const fileContent = await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf-8");
+#         const stats = counter(fileContent);
+
+#         if (options.line) {
+#             console.log(`${stats.lines} ${filePath}`);
+#         } else if (options.word) {
+#            console.log(`${stats.words} ${filePath}`); 
+#         } else if (options.character) {
+#           console.log(`${stats.characters} ${filePath}`);
+#         } else {
+#             console.log(`${stats.lines}       ${stats.words}    ${stats.characters} ${filePath}`);
+#         }
+
+#         totalLines += stats.lines;
+#         totalWords += stats.words;
+#         totalCharacters += stats.characters;
+#         fileCount++;
+#     }
+# }
+
+# }
+
+# if (fileCount > 1) {
+#     if (options.line) {
+#         console.log(`${totalLines} total`);
+#     } else if (options.word) {
+#       console.log(`${totalWords} total`);
+#     } else if (options.character) {
+#        console.log(`${totalCharacters} total`); 
+#     } else {
+#        console.log(`${totalLines}       ${totalWords}       ${totalCharacters} total`); 
+#     }
+# }

From a0828391ed49bac567fd5e77b862fc148dc3bcbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2025 18:20:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 36/69] define program meta data: name, description, options,
 arguments/paths etc

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 0d52a73f..b6348e47 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -88,3 +88,17 @@
 #        console.log(`${totalLines}       ${totalWords}       ${totalCharacters} total`); 
 #     }
 # }
+
+import argparse
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    prog="counter",
+    description="Counts lines, words or characters in a file (or all files) inside a directory",
+)
+
+parser.add_argument("-l", "--line", dest="line", help="The number of lines in each file", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-w", "---word", dest="word", help="The number of words in each file", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--char", dest="char", help="The number of characters in each file")
+parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
+
+args = parser.parse_args()

From 4aad5aba8eebcdb9d57a377c57f7c236e3f4a52d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 2 Dec 2025 18:29:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 37/69] building counter function

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index b6348e47..90884fb9 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -102,3 +102,17 @@
 parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
+
+def counter(item):
+    lines = len(item.trim().split("\n"))
+    words = item.split()
+
+
+
+for path in args.paths:
+    with open(path, "r") as f:
+        content = f.read()
+    if args.l:
+        
+
+

From 914cfda699c78715dbadf4bf89a2d56fa4d71fe4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:23:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 38/69] added counter function to count words, lines and
 characters from a path(s)

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 90884fb9..cbd793aa 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -106,8 +106,15 @@
 def counter(item):
     lines = len(item.trim().split("\n"))
     words = item.split()
+    characters = len(item)
+    return {lines, words, characters}
 
 
+total_lines = 0
+total_words = 0
+total_characters = 0
+file_count = 0
+
 
 for path in args.paths:
     with open(path, "r") as f:

From c70d7d931eedfb4c474cd11b34eb012bef4661b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:36:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 39/69] add skeleton for flags/option cases

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index cbd793aa..14f8a06f 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -119,7 +119,14 @@ def counter(item):
 for path in args.paths:
     with open(path, "r") as f:
         content = f.read()
-    if args.l:
-        
+    stats = counter(content)
+    if args.line:
+        print(f"{lines} {path}")
+    elif args.word:
+        print()
+    elif args.char:
+        print()
+    else:
+        print("")
 
 

From d996f5b22e6e3b8fe939adf8b9dc8c2ee5605529 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:40:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 40/69] corrected bugs in counter function

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 14f8a06f..269e8be1 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 def counter(item):
-    lines = len(item.trim().split("\n"))
-    words = item.split()
+    lines = len(item.strip().split("\n"))
+    words = len(item.split())
     characters = len(item)
-    return {lines, words, characters}
+    return {"lines": lines, "words": words, "characters": characters}
 
 
 total_lines = 0
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def counter(item):
         content = f.read()
     stats = counter(content)
     if args.line:
-        print(f"{lines} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats[lines]} {path}")
     elif args.word:
         print()
     elif args.char:

From 72c9e8e2d6aa96733d1a9ffcc1f497b304f93cc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:44:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 41/69] updated output message for when a particular option is
 added by end user

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 269e8be1..f9091d61 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ def counter(item):
         content = f.read()
     stats = counter(content)
     if args.line:
-        print(f"{stats[lines]} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
     elif args.word:
-        print()
+        print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
     elif args.char:
-        print()
+        print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
     else:
-        print("")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
 
 

From dc375e6e4cf70ec2a33762e63d9d38f20b9f99bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:47:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 42/69] importing os so that we could handle when a path is
 file vs when a path is a dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index f9091d61..43627dd9 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
 # }
 
 import argparse
+import os
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
     prog="counter",

From c4d27960456f5e6cbc456bccc9969c26d91d5131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 20:51:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 43/69] handling when path is file

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 23 ++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 43627dd9..3e4d244a 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -118,16 +118,17 @@ def counter(item):
 
 
 for path in args.paths:
-    with open(path, "r") as f:
-        content = f.read()
-    stats = counter(content)
-    if args.line:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
-    elif args.word:
-        print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
-    elif args.char:
-        print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
-    else:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        with open(path, "r") as f:
+            content = f.read()
+        stats = counter(content)
+        if args.line:
+            print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
+        elif args.word:
+            print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
+        elif args.char:
+            print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
 
 

From d4cd590c045d104a6d027fac664c05a7c542ca43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 21:03:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 44/69] flesh out lofic for when path is a dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 3e4d244a..8b2683dc 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -130,5 +130,25 @@ def counter(item):
             print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
         else:
             print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+    elif os.path.isdir(path):
+        directory = "folder"
+
+        for file in os.listdir(directory):
+            path = os.path.join(directory, file)
+
+            if os.path.isfile(path):
+                with open(path, "r") as f:
+                     content = f.read()
+                stats = counter(content)
+                if args.line:
+                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
+                elif args.word:
+                    print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
+                elif args.char:
+                    print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
+                else:
+                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+
+
 
 

From 76a8647b2e89384b5db88920893327825e2e69c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Dec 2025 21:49:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 45/69] moving bits of code around and updating var so that in
 the case of dir a total is diplayed to console

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 8b2683dc..fe5953d5 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@
 )
 
 parser.add_argument("-l", "--line", dest="line", help="The number of lines in each file", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-w", "---word", dest="word", help="The number of words in each file", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("-c", "--char", dest="char", help="The number of characters in each file")
+parser.add_argument("-w", "--word", dest="word", help="The number of words in each file", action="store_true")
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--char", dest="char", help="The number of characters in each file", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("paths", help="The file(s)/path(s) to read from", nargs="+")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -130,24 +130,47 @@ def counter(item):
             print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
         else:
             print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
-    elif os.path.isdir(path):
-        directory = "folder"
 
-        for file in os.listdir(directory):
-            path = os.path.join(directory, file)
+        total_lines += stats['lines']
+        total_words += stats['words']
+        total_characters += stats['characters']
+        file_count += 1
+
+    elif os.path.isdir(path):
+        for file in os.listdir(path):
+            file_path = os.path.join(path, file)
 
-            if os.path.isfile(path):
-                with open(path, "r") as f:
+            if os.path.isfile(file_path):
+                with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                      content = f.read()
                 stats = counter(content)
                 if args.line:
-                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
+                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}")
                 elif args.word:
-                    print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
+                    print(f"{stats['words']} {file_path}")
                 elif args.char:
-                    print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
+                    print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}")
                 else:
-                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
+
+                total_lines += stats['lines']
+                total_words += stats['words']
+                total_characters += stats['characters']
+                file_count += 1
+
+        
+
+
+
+if file_count > 1:
+    if args.line:
+        print(f"{total_lines} total")
+    elif args.word:
+        print(f"{total_words} total")
+    elif args.char:
+        print(f"{total_characters} total")
+    else:
+        print(f"{total_lines} {total_words} {total_characters} total")
 
 
 

From 731c907a8240c0636ea192da08e645f5e51db2f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 20:18:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 46/69] replace reading files to avoid unnessary memoery usage

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index ceaacb1e..3c3adeca 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -15,13 +15,8 @@
 
 for path in args.paths:
     with open(path, "r") as f:
-        content = f.read()
-
-        lines = content.split("\n")
-        if lines[len(lines) - 1] == "":
-            lines.pop()
-
-        for line in lines:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.rstrip("\n")
             if args.n:
                 print(f"{line_number} {line}")
                 line_number += 1

From baadd851f06f1dd694a31fcad803c454ffcd8e67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 20:32:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 47/69] correct my code to ensuring formatting match the actual
 act with -n flag

---
 implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
index 3c3adeca..462251a2 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/cat/cat.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
         for line in f:
             line = line.rstrip("\n")
             if args.n:
-                print(f"{line_number} {line}")
+                print(f"{line_number:>6} {line}")
                 line_number += 1
             elif args.b:
                 if line != "":

From 312abeb3ca543cc8d7ea733f158baea077103003 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 20:56:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 48/69] handling cases when -a flag is added to ls to show the
 current and parents dir(s)

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 15 +++++----------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 73b29857..e616705b 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -12,18 +12,13 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-content = os.listdir(args.path)
+if os.path.isdir(path):
+    items = os.listdir(path)
 
-all_content = content
+    if args.a:
+        items = ['.', '..'] + items
 
-if not args.a:
-    all_content = list(filter(lambda name: not name.startswith("."), content))
-
-for item in all_content:
-    if args.one:
-        print(item)
-    else:
-        print(item + " ")
+    
 
 
 

From 0b90dbc4ed936505e2600f70853ca2835d2c8552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 20:58:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 49/69] handle cases when -a flag not selected

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index e616705b..c55c1287 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
     if args.a:
         items = ['.', '..'] + items
 
+    if not args.a:
+        items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
+
     
 
 

From 0bd31b07f3fb9303aede52412121a06943098bec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:02:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 50/69] handle when -1 flag is added and when it's not

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index c55c1287..09c0ea42 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -20,6 +20,17 @@
 
     if not args.a:
         items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
+    
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(items):
+        if args.one:
+            print(item)
+        else:
+            print(item, end=" ")
+    if not args.one:
+        print()
+    else:
+        print(path)
 
     
 

From a8f7a8df2bee4f137f8f8ff6a13324352d27beeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:10:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 51/69] change 3rd parser.add_argument to allow several paths
 with default

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 09c0ea42..c91d2f39 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 parser.add_argument("-1", "--one", dest="one", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("path", help="The file path to read from")
+parser.add_argument("paths", nargs="*", default=["."], help="The file path to read from")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 

From 8a650642218f0efb0c8e6c95b4d2ffccf98215e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:11:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 52/69] remove reduntant line

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index c91d2f39..b895a2da 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@
             print(item, end=" ")
     if not args.one:
         print()
-    else:
-        print(path)
-
+   
     
 
 

From a6642bbe71bfeef4f7e68e9b3875b57ebd2f8a8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:18:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 53/69] improving the quality of code for -a flag code block
 and adding a final else

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 32 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index b895a2da..9e2304c3 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -12,23 +12,25 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-if os.path.isdir(path):
-    items = os.listdir(path)
+for path in args.paths:
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        items = os.listdir(path)
 
-    if args.a:
-        items = ['.', '..'] + items
-
-    if not args.a:
-        items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
-    
-
-    for i, item in enumerate(items):
-        if args.one:
-            print(item)
+        if args.a:
+            items = ['.', '..'] + items
         else:
-            print(item, end=" ")
-    if not args.one:
-        print()
+            items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
+        
+        for i, item in enumerate(items):
+            if args.one:
+                print(item)
+            else:
+                print(item, end=" ")
+        if not args.one:
+            print()
+    
+    else:
+        print(path)
    
     
 

From 6a5281e0d0c31c602cc154fc39e482bbc063cd09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:21:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 54/69] simplify the for loop

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 9e2304c3..7bfa408f 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -21,14 +21,13 @@
         else:
             items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
         
-        for i, item in enumerate(items):
+        for item in items:
             if args.one:
                 print(item)
             else:
                 print(item, end=" ")
         if not args.one:
             print()
-    
     else:
         print(path)
    

From 683fc0cbd84dfd70ce10b3edf66b83a0d355113d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:22:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 55/69] adding double spaces for the -one flag to match the
 format of the actual ls with -1 flag

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 7bfa408f..19aec428 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
             if args.one:
                 print(item)
             else:
-                print(item, end=" ")
+                print(item, end="  ")
         if not args.one:
             print()
     else:

From b95cf8e6aace91a23974ac2cbef450006ed259ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:24:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 56/69] adding sorting method so that it matches the actual ls
 output order

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index 19aec428..ce9a791f 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
             items = ['.', '..'] + items
         else:
             items = [item for item in items if not item.startswith(".")]
+
+        items.sort()
         
         for item in items:
             if args.one:

From e3a7ce3c32f14d1f4b9b909dce5ed957f18766a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:30:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 57/69] discarding the redantant commented js implementation

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 90 ----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index fe5953d5..ce3eae7f 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -1,93 +1,3 @@
-# import { program } from "commander";
-# import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
-# import process from "node:process";
-# import { stat } from "node:fs/promises";
-
-# program
-#   .name("count-containing-lines-words-characters")
-#   .description("Counts lines, words or characters in a file (or all files) inside a directory")
-#   .option("-l, --line", "The number of lines in each file")
-#   .option("-w, --word", "The number of words in each file")
-#   .option("-c, --character", "The number of characters in each file")
-#   .argument("<path...>", "The file path to process");
-
-# program.parse();
-
-# const argv = program.args;
-
-# const options = program.opts();
-
-
-# function counter(item) {
-#   const lines = item.trim().split("\n").length;
-#   const words = item.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).length;
-#   const characters = item.length;
-#   return { lines, words, characters };
-# }
-
-# let totalLines = 0;
-# let totalWords = 0;
-# let totalCharacters = 0;
-# let fileCount = 0;
-
-# for (const path of argv) {
-#     const pathInfo = await stat(path);
-
-# if (pathInfo.isFile()) {
-#     const content = await fs.readFile(path, "utf-8");
-#     const stats = counter(content);
-#     if (options.line) {
-#         console.log(`${stats.lines} ${path}`);
-#     } else if (options.word) {
-#         console.log(`${stats.words} ${path}`);
-#     } else if (options.character) {
-#         console.log(`${stats.characters} ${path}`);
-#     } else {
-#         console.log(`${stats.lines}       ${stats.words}       ${stats.characters} ${path}`);
-#     }
-
-#     totalLines += stats.lines;
-#     totalWords += stats.words;
-#     totalCharacters += stats.characters;
-#     fileCount++;
-
-# } else if (pathInfo.isDirectory()) {
-#     const files = await fs.readdir(path);
-#     for (const file of files) {
-#         const filePath = `${path}/${file}`;
-#         const fileContent = await fs.readFile(filePath, "utf-8");
-#         const stats = counter(fileContent);
-
-#         if (options.line) {
-#             console.log(`${stats.lines} ${filePath}`);
-#         } else if (options.word) {
-#            console.log(`${stats.words} ${filePath}`); 
-#         } else if (options.character) {
-#           console.log(`${stats.characters} ${filePath}`);
-#         } else {
-#             console.log(`${stats.lines}       ${stats.words}    ${stats.characters} ${filePath}`);
-#         }
-
-#         totalLines += stats.lines;
-#         totalWords += stats.words;
-#         totalCharacters += stats.characters;
-#         fileCount++;
-#     }
-# }
-
-# }
-
-# if (fileCount > 1) {
-#     if (options.line) {
-#         console.log(`${totalLines} total`);
-#     } else if (options.word) {
-#       console.log(`${totalWords} total`);
-#     } else if (options.character) {
-#        console.log(`${totalCharacters} total`); 
-#     } else {
-#        console.log(`${totalLines}       ${totalWords}       ${totalCharacters} total`); 
-#     }
-# }
 
 import argparse
 import os

From 82a68007373c8fe99c862f63e42642ec25b8bf02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:47:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 58/69] setting up a helper function that handles reading
 files, printing stats and updating total

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index ce3eae7f..41cc41fc 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ def counter(item):
     return {"lines": lines, "words": words, "characters": characters}
 
 
+def process_file(file_path):
+    global total_lines, total_words, total_characters, file_count
+
+
 total_lines = 0
 total_words = 0
 total_characters = 0

From e9f2a54317fcd9c62b8219dfeb2335d6b7d413d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:51:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 59/69] moving code into the helper function proccess_file

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 30 ++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 41cc41fc..0684f80f 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ def counter(item):
 def process_file(file_path):
     global total_lines, total_words, total_characters, file_count
 
+    with open(path, "r") as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    stats = counter(content)
+
+    if args.line:
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
+    elif args.word:
+        print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
+    elif args.char:
+        print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
+    else:
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+
 
 total_lines = 0
 total_words = 0
@@ -33,17 +47,9 @@ def process_file(file_path):
 
 for path in args.paths:
     if os.path.isfile(path):
-        with open(path, "r") as f:
-            content = f.read()
-        stats = counter(content)
-        if args.line:
-            print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
-        elif args.word:
-            print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
-        elif args.char:
-            print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
-        else:
-            print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+  
+       
+
 
         total_lines += stats['lines']
         total_words += stats['words']
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ def process_file(file_path):
             if os.path.isfile(file_path):
                 with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                      content = f.read()
-                stats = counter(content)
+                
                 if args.line:
                     print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}")
                 elif args.word:

From 9f5649ffeb6d98a4d5462ae615540c6a08bcb57b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:52:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 60/69] update the default paremeter of the helper function
 process_file to file_path instead

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 0684f80f..3c9e9a18 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     stats = counter(content)
 
     if args.line:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}}")
     elif args.word:
-        print(f"{stats['words']} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats['words']} {file_path}}")
     elif args.char:
-        print(f"{stats['characters']} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}}")
     else:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {path}")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}}")
 
 
 total_lines = 0

From 14fca64cf0c380a79b3f571e4168373e03306391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:54:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 61/69] moving code inside helper function process_file

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index 3c9e9a18..c520eee5 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -36,7 +36,13 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     elif args.char:
         print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}}")
     else:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}}")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
+
+    
+    total_lines += stats['lines']
+    total_words += stats['words']
+    total_characters += stats['characters']
+    file_count += 1
 
 
 total_lines = 0
@@ -51,11 +57,6 @@ def process_file(file_path):
        
 
 
-        total_lines += stats['lines']
-        total_words += stats['words']
-        total_characters += stats['characters']
-        file_count += 1
-
     elif os.path.isdir(path):
         for file in os.listdir(path):
             file_path = os.path.join(path, file)

From 140467f3babfdf417f98044bd5d91d9333163655 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 21:57:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 62/69] get rid of repetetive code

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 32 +++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index c520eee5..de53b0f2 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -14,6 +14,13 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
+
+total_lines = 0
+total_words = 0
+total_characters = 0
+file_count = 0
+
+
 def counter(item):
     lines = len(item.strip().split("\n"))
     words = len(item.split())
@@ -38,46 +45,25 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     else:
         print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
 
-    
     total_lines += stats['lines']
     total_words += stats['words']
     total_characters += stats['characters']
     file_count += 1
 
 
-total_lines = 0
-total_words = 0
-total_characters = 0
-file_count = 0
 
 
 for path in args.paths:
     if os.path.isfile(path):
-  
-       
-
-
+        process_file(path)
     elif os.path.isdir(path):
         for file in os.listdir(path):
             file_path = os.path.join(path, file)
-
             if os.path.isfile(file_path):
                 with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                      content = f.read()
                 
-                if args.line:
-                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}")
-                elif args.word:
-                    print(f"{stats['words']} {file_path}")
-                elif args.char:
-                    print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}")
-                else:
-                    print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
-
-                total_lines += stats['lines']
-                total_words += stats['words']
-                total_characters += stats['characters']
-                file_count += 1
+    
 
         
 

From 088df21f72612c002b209cb5f5343f3b1bf55e7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 22:00:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 63/69] edit code for when path is dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index de53b0f2..c7d76669 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ def process_file(file_path):
         for file in os.listdir(path):
             file_path = os.path.join(path, file)
             if os.path.isfile(file_path):
-                with open(file_path, "r") as f:
-                     content = f.read()
+                process_file(file_path)
+                   
                 
     
 

From 4b2801f96c4704a5ea9436a2e22dfd861eed743e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 22:02:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 64/69] change parameter to file_path to get rid of bug

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index c7d76669..f1c70a66 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def counter(item):
 def process_file(file_path):
     global total_lines, total_words, total_characters, file_count
 
-    with open(path, "r") as f:
+    with open(file_path, "r") as f:
         content = f.read()
 
     stats = counter(content)

From 655102675d4f76a9b4e60942af6177e1a0ccc826 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 22:03:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 65/69] getting rid of all extra }

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index f1c70a66..a186e31d 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     stats = counter(content)
 
     if args.line:
-        print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}}")
+        print(f"{stats['lines']} {file_path}")
     elif args.word:
-        print(f"{stats['words']} {file_path}}")
+        print(f"{stats['words']} {file_path}")
     elif args.char:
-        print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}}")
+        print(f"{stats['characters']} {file_path}")
     else:
         print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
 

From b1b1669f2abb8b3b9e45be46a134a39d681ec2d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 23:29:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 66/69] replace the double spacing with \t to cause the "double
 spacing" effect ls do when listing files in a dir

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index ce9a791f..c2439903 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
             if args.one:
                 print(item)
             else:
-                print(item, end="  ")
+                print(item, end="\t")
         if not args.one:
             print()
     else:

From 5158913ae37bf6a40431e0e22e45301e64c9920e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 23:59:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 67/69] change logic to elminate the need for using keyword
 "global"

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 22 ++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index a186e31d..d4887ba4 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ def counter(item):
 
 
 def process_file(file_path):
-    global total_lines, total_words, total_characters, file_count
-
     with open(file_path, "r") as f:
         content = f.read()
 
@@ -45,12 +43,12 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     else:
         print(f"{stats['lines']} {stats['words']} {stats['characters']} {file_path}")
 
-    total_lines += stats['lines']
-    total_words += stats['words']
-    total_characters += stats['characters']
-    file_count += 1
-
+    total['lines'] += stats['lines']
+    total['words'] += stats['words']
+    total['characters'] += stats['characters']
+    total['files'] += 1
 
+total = {'lines': 0, 'words': 0, 'characters': 0, 'files': 0}
 
 
 for path in args.paths:
@@ -69,15 +67,15 @@ def process_file(file_path):
 
 
 
-if file_count > 1:
+if total['files'] > 1:
     if args.line:
-        print(f"{total_lines} total")
+        print(f"{total['lines']} total")
     elif args.word:
-        print(f"{total_words} total")
+        print(f"{total['words']} total")
     elif args.char:
-        print(f"{total_characters} total")
+        print(f"{total['characters']} total")
     else:
-        print(f"{total_lines} {total_words} {total_characters} total")
+        print(f"{total['lines']} {total['words']} {total['characters']} total")
 
 
 

From 92929e01f3a9137356d51746aeaac1ffcbbe9ac3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:04:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 68/69] move total before helper function process_file
 otherwise error is thrown and get rid of code no longer in use

---
 implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py | 14 ++++----------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
index d4887ba4..5e15c66c 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/wc/wc.py
@@ -14,12 +14,7 @@
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-
-total_lines = 0
-total_words = 0
-total_characters = 0
-file_count = 0
-
+total = {'lines': 0, 'words': 0, 'characters': 0, 'files': 0}
 
 def counter(item):
     lines = len(item.strip().split("\n"))
@@ -28,7 +23,7 @@ def counter(item):
     return {"lines": lines, "words": words, "characters": characters}
 
 
-def process_file(file_path):
+def process_file(file_path, total):
     with open(file_path, "r") as f:
         content = f.read()
 
@@ -48,17 +43,16 @@ def process_file(file_path):
     total['characters'] += stats['characters']
     total['files'] += 1
 
-total = {'lines': 0, 'words': 0, 'characters': 0, 'files': 0}
 
 
 for path in args.paths:
     if os.path.isfile(path):
-        process_file(path)
+        process_file(path, total)
     elif os.path.isdir(path):
         for file in os.listdir(path):
             file_path = os.path.join(path, file)
             if os.path.isfile(file_path):
-                process_file(file_path)
+                process_file(file_path, total)
                    
                 
     

From 85622dee9c1ffcbd8e407230de4c160e7163f1b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HassanOHOsman <hassan.oh.osman@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:14:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 69/69] improve the readability to eliminate misinterpration

---
 implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
index c2439903..30bcf101 100644
--- a/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
+++ b/implement-shell-tools/ls/ls.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 parser.add_argument("-1", "--one", dest="one", help="Output one entry per line", action="store_true")
 parser.add_argument("-a", help="List all files & directories, including hidden ones", action="store_true")
-parser.add_argument("paths", nargs="*", default=["."], help="The file path to read from")
+parser.add_argument("paths", nargs="*", default=["."], help="The file(s) or directories to list")
 
 args = parser.parse_args()